Statements: I) Under Mukhbir Yojana, the

Solution

Statement I is a government initiative to curb female foeticide, while Statement II is likely the result of increased female education and empowerment, which is a broader social trend not directly caused by the incentive program.  Statement I:  This describes the Mukhbir Yojana, a government incentive program designed to discourage sex-selective abortions and female foeticide.  Statement II:  This describes a trend in board examinations where girls are outnumbering and outperforming boys.  Relationship:  The two statements are not in a direct cause-and-effect relationship. The government's incentive program (Statement I) is a tool to address a specific crime, while the improved performance of girls in examinations (Statement II) is a result of broader social changes like increased access to education, social reforms, and a shift in gender roles over time. Therefore, Statement II is an effect of independent causes from Statement I.