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      Question

      In the question below, a passage is given followed by

      three statements which may or may not be suitable course(s) of action. Select the correct combination of statements that follow as a suitable course(s) of action. Passage: Soil erosion is a critical environmental threat that leads to the loss of fertile topsoil and the sedimentation of local water bodies. While natural factors like heavy rainfall contribute to the issue, human activities such as intensive monoculture farming and the clearing of hillside forests for timber have significantly accelerated the process. If left unmanaged, this degradation will permanently reduce agricultural yields and increase the risk of landslides in residential areas. Courses of Action: 1. Establishing state-funded workshops to educate farmers on crop rotation and sustainable land-management techniques. 2. Implementing a strict moratorium on the commercial logging of trees located on slopes with a gradient exceeding a specific safety threshold. 3. Constructing check dams and terraces in high-risk zones to slow down water runoff and trap sediment.
      A Only 1 and 2 Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      B Only 3 Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      C Only 2 and 3 Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      D Only 1 and 3 Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      E All 1, 2, and 3 Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

      Solution

      Analysis of the Problem: The passage identifies soil erosion as the problem, caused by both farming practices (monoculture) and deforestation (clearing hillside forests). Course 1 is suitable: It directly addresses the "intensive monoculture farming" mentioned in the passage. By providing education on sustainable techniques, the government can mitigate the human-driven cause of soil depletion. Course 2 is suitable: The passage notes that clearing hillside forests accelerates erosion and increases landslide risks. Regulating logging on steep slopes is a logical preventive measure to maintain soil stability. Course 3 is suitable: This is a physical mitigation strategy. Since the passage mentions that heavy rainfall and water runoff lead to sedimentation, check dams and terraces are standard engineering solutions to control water flow and preserve topsoil.

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