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      Question

      Read the passage depicting a systemic problem below.

      Assuming everything in the statement to be true, decide which of the suggested courses of action logically follow(s) for implementation. Statement: State-owned electricity distribution companies (Discoms) are grappling with catastrophic financial losses and mounting outstanding dues, largely driven by large-scale power theft, deliberate non-payment by high-profile commercial entities, and politically motivated subsidized power promises. This crisis has severely crippled power infrastructure upgrades and strained state finances, as public tax revenues are continuously diverted to bail out these failing utility providers. Suggested Courses of Action: 1. Discoms should be granted complete administrative autonomy to conduct unannounced anti-theft raids and immediately seize properties or disconnect lines of chronic, deliberate defaulters. 2. The government should actively discourage citizens and industries from using grid electricity provided by state-owned companies. 3. A specialized, independent regulatory tribunal should be empowered and expanded to fast-track and legally resolve large-scale corporate utility payment defaults.
      A Only 1 and 2 Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      B Only 2 and 3 Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      C Only 1 and 3 Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      D All 1, 2, and 3 Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      E Only 1 Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

      Solution

      Analysis: The core passage details a severe financial crisis within public utility companies caused by deliberate evasion (theft/non-payment) and political interference, which ultimately hurts public finances. We must evaluate which actions rationally address the root causes: Course of Action 1 follows logically. The passage explicitly identifies "power theft" and "deliberate non-payment" as primary drivers of the crisis. Giving the utility companies the autonomy to enforce strict legal and physical penalties (raids, disconnections, asset seizures) against these willful violators directly targets the root of the problem and aids in resource recovery. Course of Action 2 is completely illogical. Actively discouraging people from using grid electricity would decimate the company's legitimate user base and wipe out its primary source of legal revenue. This would accelerate the financial collapse of the Discoms rather than solving the issue of theft and unpaid dues. Therefore, 2 does not follow. Course of Action 3 follows logically. The text highlights that "deliberate non-payment by high-profile commercial entities" is crippling the sector. Strengthening an independent, specialized tribunal to bypass standard bureaucratic delays and fast-track these major corporate default cases ensures legal accountability and swift financial recovery. Since Courses of Action 1 and 3 offer direct, constructive, and systemic solutions to the issues raised in the premise, C is the correct answer choice.

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