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      Question

      In the question below, two statements (I) and (II) are

      given. These statements may be either independent causes or may be effects of independent causes or a common cause. One of these statements may be the effect of the other statement. Read both the statements and decide which of the following answer choices correctly depicts the relationship between these two statements. Statement I: A significant majority of the world's geothermal power plants are located within the "Ring of Fire" region of the Pacific Ocean. Statement II: The "Ring of Fire" is characterized by high levels of tectonic activity and frequent volcanic eruptions, which bring underground heat closer to the Earth's surface.
      A Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      B Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      C Both the statements I and II are independent causes Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      D Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      E Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

      Solution

      Analyze Statement II: This statement provides the scientific basis—it explains that the specific geological characteristics of the "Ring of Fire" (tectonic activity/volcanic eruptions) provide a natural source of accessible underground heat. This acts as the cause. Analyze Statement I: This statement gives us the resulting observation—the concentration of power plants in that specific area. Because the heat is accessible there (the cause), the energy infrastructure is built there. This is the effect. Conclusion: Therefore, Statement II is the cause and Statement I is its effect.

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