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      Question

      In the question below, two statements (I) and (II) are

      given. These statements may be either independent causes or may be effects of independent causes or a common cause. One of these statements may be the effect of the other statement. Read both the statements and decide which of the following answer choices correctly depicts the relationship between these two statements. Statement I: The intensive use of nitrogen-based fertilizers in commercial farming leads to nutrient runoff that creates "dead zones" in coastal waters by depleting oxygen levels. Statement II: The manufacturing process of nitrogen fertilizers releases significant amounts of methane and carbon dioxide, contributing to the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere.
      A Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      B Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      C Both the statements I and II are independent causes Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      D Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      E Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

      Solution

      Analyze Statement I: This statement identifies a specific cause-and-effect chain: the use of fertilizer causes water pollution (dead zones). In the context of broader environmental issues, this statement acts as an independent cause of ecological damage. Analyze Statement II: This statement identifies a different cause-and-effect chain: the production of fertilizer causes atmospheric pollution (greenhouse effect). This is also an independent cause of climate change. Relationship: While both statements involve nitrogen fertilizers, Statement I is not the cause of Statement II, nor is Statement II the cause of Statement I. They describe two separate, unrelated environmental problems originating from different stages of the fertilizer lifecycle.

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