Which of the following sets of strategies does NOT fall under the direct domain and core operational scope of Total Quality Management (TQ

Total Quality Management (TQM): TQM is an organization-wide management philosophy aimed at continuously improving product and service quality, operational processes, and customer satisfaction. The primary strategic pillars of TQM include: Customer Focus & Strategic Leadership: Aligning organizational strategy directly with customer requirements and quality expectations. Process Re-engineering & Lean Production: Eliminating process waste, optimizing workflow, and redesigning operational systems for quality efficiency. Continuous Improvement (Kaizen) & Organizational Learning: Fostering systemic experimentation, data-driven defect reduction, and incremental progress. Employee Involvement: Empowering cross-functional teams to drive quality initiatives.