What kind of organizational structure combines a vertical chain of command with horizontal reporting requirements?

Matrix Organization is a combination of the projectized and the functional organization structures. It is defined as one in which there is dual or multiple managerial accountability and responsibility. In a matrix there are usually two chains of command, one along functional lines and the other along project, product, or client lines. The organization is divided into different functions, e.g. Purchase, Production, R & D, etc. Each function has a Functional (Departmental) Manager, e.g. Purchase Manager, Production Manager, etc. The organization is also divided on the basis of projects e.g. Project A, Project B, etc. Each project has a Project Manager e.g. Project A” Manager, Project B Manager, etc. The employee has to work in a command of two authorities (bosses). The authority of the Functional Manager flows downwards while the authority of the Project Manager flows across (side wards). So, the authority flows downwards and across. Therefore, it is called "Matrix Organization". Matrix Organization There are 3 basic Matrix Organization types viz. weak matrix, balanced matrix, strong matrix Weak Matrix Organization ·         Maintains many characteristics of functional organization. ·         Project manager's role is of coordinator or expeditor than that of a manager. Balanced Matrix Organization ·         Recognizes the need of project manager. ·         Project manager does not have full authority over project and project funding. Strong Matrix Organization ·         Maintains many characteristics of projectized organization. ·         Project managers have considerable authority and full time project administrative staff. This type is shown in the figure. Difference between various types of organization structure :