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Question

In each of the questions below are given four statements followed by four conclusions numbered I, II and III and IV. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of given conclusions logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.

Statements:

a. No book is a pencil.

b. All books are boards.

c. All boards are dusters.

d. No eraser is a duster.

Conclusions:

I. Some books are not dusters.

II. Some books are not boards.

III. Some boards are not pencils.

IV. Some erasers are not boards.

A Only I follows Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
B Only IV follows Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
C Only III and IV follow Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
D All follow Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
E None of these Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

Solution

All books are boards (A) + All boards are dusters (A) = All books are dusters (A) ⇒ Conversion ⇒ Some dusters are books (I), Hence, Ist doesn’t follow. All books are boards (A) ⇒ Conversion ⇒ Some boards are books (I), Hence, IInd doesn’t follow No book is a pencil (E) ⇒ Conversion ⇒ No pencil is a book (E) + All books are boards (A) ⇒ Some boards are not pencils(O*). Hence IIIrd follows. All boards are dusters (A) + No duster is an eraser (E) ⇒ No board is an eraser (E) ⇒ Conversion ⇒ No eraser is a board ⇒ I.I ⇒ Some erasers are not boards (O*). Hence IVth also follows. Alternate Method-

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