Question

Read the passage below and determine which combination of the given statements WEAKENS the company's argument regarding the environmental impact of its initiative. Passage: A global ocean shipping conglomerate has proposed a voluntary marine-protection initiative where corporate clients can choose to pay a premium on cargo transit to fund artificial coastal coral reef restoration projects. The company argues that this customer-backed initiative will comprehensively neutralize the ecological degradation and habitat destruction caused by its transoceanic shipping operations. Statements: 1. Marine biology surveys indicate that a vast majority of artificial reef restoration projects fail within five years because rising sea temperatures bleach and kill the introduced coral fragments. 2. A considerable majority of manufacturing clients have stated in surveys that they are unwilling to pay voluntary premiums that increase their supply chain overhead. 3. Transoceanic cargo shipping damages marine ecosystems not only through physical reef disruptions but also via acoustic noise pollution that deafens whales, toxic anti-fouling hull paint leaching, and the introduction of invasive species through ballast water—none of which are addressed by artificial reefs.

A Only 1 and 2
B Only 2
C Only 1 and 3
D Only 2 and 3
E All 1, 2, and 3
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