Read the passage below and determine which combination

Solution

Analysis: The core argument made by the shipping company is that the artificial reef initiative will comprehensively neutralize the ecological degradation caused by its shipping operations. To weaken this, we need statements showing that the solution either doesn't work or misses the target entirely. Statement 1 weakens the argument. The company claims that funding these coral projects will neutralize their ecological damage. If empirical surveys prove that these artificial reefs fail and die within five years due to climate factors (as stated in 1), then the proposed environmental solution is structurally ineffective in the long run. This directly undermines the claim that the initiative will neutralize the damage. Statement 2 does NOT weaken the core argument. Similar to the passenger willingness in your example, the clients' reluctance to pay extra merely affects the participation rate and financial scale of the program. It does not challenge or disprove the underlying scientific claim that if a reef is funded, it would counteract the shipping damage. Statement 3 weakens the argument. The company asserts that the initiative comprehensively addresses the ecological degradation of shipping. Statement 3 directly dismantles the word "comprehensively" by revealing that shipping operations cause multiple, severe types of marine destruction (noise pollution, chemical leaching, invasive species) that have absolutely nothing to do with coral reefs. Because building an artificial reef does nothing to stop a whale from being deafened by acoustic noise, the program cannot achieve its stated goal.