Question
A premise is given below, followed by three statements
which may or may not be assumptions on which the passage lies. From the options below, choose the one that reflects the correct choice of assumptions that follow. Passage: Researchers in Japan successfully utilized a synthetic protein to reverse age-related cognitive decline in laboratory mice, observing significant improvements in memory and problem-solving speed. According to the report in Nature Aging, this breakthrough confirms that the synthetic protein is a definitive cure for cognitive deterioration in the aging human population. Statements: 1. The physiological response of the mouse brain to the synthetic protein is a reliable indicator of the response in the human brain. 2. The reversal of cognitive decline observed in the study is a lasting effect rather than a temporary spike in brain activity. 3. Cognitive decline in both mice and humans is primarily triggered by the same environmental stressors.Solution
Statement 1 follows: The conclusion explicitly claims the protein is a "cure for... humans" based entirely on data from "laboratory mice." This jump in logic is only possible if the researchers assume that what works in the mouse model will work the same way in humans. Statement 2 follows: The conclusion describes the protein as a "definitive cure." A "cure" implies a long-term or permanent solution. If the effect were only temporary, it could not be called a definitive cure; therefore, the permanence of the result is an underlying assumption. Statement 3 does not follow: While it might seem plausible, the passage focuses on the treatment and the result. It does not discuss the "environmental stressors" or specific causes of the decline. The argument relies on the biological reversibility of the condition, not necessarily an identical cause.
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