Question

With reference to Exception 1 to Section 101 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (grave and sudden provocation), which of the following statements is correct?

A The defence is available even where the provocation was sought or voluntarily provoked by the offender as an excuse for killing
B The defence is available where the provocation was given by anything done in the lawful exercise of the right of private defence
C Provocation, to be 'grave and sudden', must always consist of an act of physical violence or assault
D Provocation by mere words or gestures can, in appropriate cases, amount to grave and sudden provocation
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