IBC has made the largest contribution to scheduled commercial bank recoveries in 2024-25 at 52.4%. What are the other primary recovery channels available to banks under Indian law for recovering dues from defaulting borrowers?

Banks in India have four primary channels for recovering dues from defaulters: (1) IBC — for large corporate insolvencies; (2) SARFAESI Act, 2002 — for secured loans above Rs. 1 lakh where banks can enforce security interest without court intervention; (3) Debt Recovery Tribunals (DRTs) — quasi-judicial bodies established under the Recovery of Debts and Bankruptcy Act, 1993, for suits above Rs. 20 lakh; and (4) Lok Adalats — for smaller loans and amicable settlements. IBC at 52.4% is the largest channel; SARFAESI accounts for a significant portion of total recoveries; DRTs handle medium-sized disputes; and Lok Adalats resolve large volumes of small-value cases. Total SCB recoveries in 2024-25 were Rs. 1,04,099 crore across all these channels.