Question
Directions: Read the passage below and determine which
combination of the given statements can be correctly inferred from the text. Passage: Market reports on the deployment of industrial "Direct Air Capture" (DAC) facilities indicate that by 2035, localized scrubbing plants could neutralize up to 25% of municipal industrial emissions. These extraction arrays require 85% less surface area than traditional afforestation zones because the chemical filters stack vertically to maximize airflow contact. However, the immense thermal energy required to release the captured carbon from the filtering agents means these facilities currently demand significantly more megawatt-hours per ton of carbon isolated than passive biological absorption. Dr. Elena Rostova pointed out that while spatial constraints are entirely bypassed, regional energy infrastructure must fully decouple from fossil fuels to prevent DAC operations from running a net-carbon deficit. Statements: 1. Direct Air Capture technology is superior to natural tree-planting initiatives in every ecological category. 2. The operational design of vertical extraction arrays involves a system where the physical footprint is reduced compared to traditional methods. 3. Traditional afforestation zones demand a larger total land surface area to isolate carbon than Direct Air Capture facilities.Solution
Statement 1 cannot be inferred. While the passage states that DAC saves immense space, it explicitly details a massive drawback: it demands "significantly more megawatt-hours" and could run a "net-carbon deficit" if powered incorrectly. Because it fails in the energy-consumption category, claiming it is superior in every ecological category is an overgeneralization. Statement 2 can be inferred. The text notes that these arrays use less surface area "because the chemical filters stack vertically to maximize airflow contact." Stacking units vertically to reduce spatial impact directly supports the inference that its physical footprint is reduced. Statement 3 can be inferred. The passage explicitly states that DAC arrays "require 85% less surface area than traditional afforestation zones." By basic logical inversion, this confirms that traditional tree-planting zones require a larger surface area to perform the equivalent baseline task.
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