Question
Read the passage below and identify which of the
following statements (1, 2, and 3) can be logically inferred. Select the correct combination from the options provided. Passage: Studies suggest that the consistent use of digital navigation tools is associated with a reduction in the volume of the hippocampus—the brain region responsible for spatial memory and navigation—in young adults. This neurological shift could potentially lead to a gradual decline in the population's ability to navigate complex environments without digital assistance over the next few generations. In 2021, a team of researchers in Tokyo observed a similar correlation between GPS dependency and reduced spatial awareness in their local test subjects. Statements: 1. Environmental navigation and spatial memory are processes influenced by biological structures. 2. The younger generation in Tokyo might struggle more with physical map-reading compared to previous generations. 3. The neurological shift in the hippocampus is solely caused by the blue light emitted from digital navigation screens.Solution
Statement 1 follows: The passage explicitly links "spatial memory and navigation" to the "hippocampus," which is a brain region (a biological structure). Therefore, we can infer that these processes are influenced by biology. Statement 2 follows: The passage mentions that GPS dependency is linked to "reduced spatial awareness" in Tokyo and that this shift could lead to a decline in navigating without assistance. It is a logical inference that this would manifest as a struggle with physical map-reading (navigation without digital tools). Statement 3 does not follow: The passage identifies "consistent use of digital navigation tools" as the associate factor, but it never specifies "blue light" as the mechanism. This is an external assumption not supported by the text.
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