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      Question

      In the question below, two statements (I) and (II) are

      given. These statements may be either independent causes or may be effects of independent causes or a common cause. One of these statements may be the effect of the other statement. Read both the statements and decide which of the following answer choices correctly depicts the relationship between these two statements. Statement I: There has been a significant increase in the number of deep-sea hydrothermal vents and previously unknown marine species documented in the Atlantic Ocean over the last decade. Statement II: Marine research organizations have recently deployed a new generation of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) equipped with high-resolution sonar and heat-mapping sensors capable of exploring the ocean floor at extreme depths.
      A Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      B Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      C Both the statements I and II are independent causes Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      D Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      E Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

      Solution

      Analyze Statement II: This statement identifies a technological advancement—the deployment of advanced AUVs capable of reaching extreme depths. This represents an improvement in the "tool" or "method" of discovery, acting as the cause. Analyze Statement I: This statement reports the result—an increase in documented geographical features (vents) and species. This increase is a direct result of being able to see and reach places that were previously inaccessible, acting as the effect. Conclusion: Just as improved tiger surveys led to higher tiger counts in your example, the improved underwater technology in this question leads to higher discovery counts. Therefore, Statement II is the cause and Statement I is its effect.

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