An accused's CONFESSION is made to a POLICE OFFICER during investigation. Under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, such a confession:

The BSA preserves the rule of evidence that a CONFESSION made to a POLICE OFFICER is NOT relevant/provable as against the person making it - the well-known exclusion (mirroring old Section 25 of the Indian Evidence Act). This is because of the coercive environment of police investigation. Similarly, a confession by a person in POLICE CUSTODY to any person other than a Magistrate is also excluded unless made in the immediate presence of a Magistrate. The safeguard is absolute and does not depend on corroboration. Confessions that do get recorded by a Magistrate under the BNSS must be free and voluntary. The police-confession bar is foundational.