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    Question

    The concept of "expectancy theory" in motivation, as

    proposed by Victor Vroom, posits that an individual's motivation is determined by three key factors: expectancy, instrumentality, and valence. Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies the concept of instrumentality within this framework?   
    A An employee believes that putting in extra effort will result in a positive performance evaluation. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    B An employee is motivated by the prospect of a promotion and salary increase. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    C An employee values the recognition and appreciation received for exceeding expectations. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    D An employee is demotivated by the lack of opportunities for career advancement. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    E An employee doubts their ability to meet the challenging goals set by their manager. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

    Solution

    Instrumentality refers to the belief that achieving a certain level of performance will lead to a desired outcome or reward. In this scenario, the employee's belief that their effort will lead to a positive evaluation reflects the concept of instrumentality.

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