Fill in the blank with the appropriate word.

Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate word given in the options against the correct blank number. The Department of Biotechnology has issued guidelines ____________ (89) norms for research into genetically modified crops and ____________ (90) challenges of using foreign genes to change crops profile. The ‘Guidelines for Safety Assessment of Genome Edited Plants, 2022’ exempt researchers who use gene-editing technology to modify the genome of the plant from ___________ (91) approvals from the Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC), an expert body of the Environment Ministry. The GEAC ___________ (92) research into GM plants and recommends, or disapproves, their release into farmer fields. The final call however is taken by the Environment Minister as well as States where such plants could be cultivated. The Environment Ministry too has ___________ (93) this exemption.