_________ are mental shortcuts that allows people to

Solution

Heuristics are mental shortcuts that can facilitate problem-solving and probability judgments. These strategies are generalizations, or rules-of-thumb, that reduce cognitive load, and can be effective for making immediate judgments. These rule-of-thumb strategies shorten decision-making time and allow people to function without constantly stopping to think about their next course of action. Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky identified different kinds of heuristics: availability, representativeness, anchoring and affect.