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      Question

      In the question below, two statements (I) and (II) are

      given. These statements may be either independent causes or may be effects of independent causes or a common cause. One of these statements may be the effect of the other statement. Read both the statements and decide which of the following answer choices correctly depicts the relationship between these two statements. I. The municipal authorities have reported a significant decrease in the number of water-borne disease cases in the city over the last three months. II. The city administration recently completed a massive project to overhaul the old sewage system and install high-grade water purification plants.
      A Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      B Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      C Both statements I and II are independent causes Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      D Both statements I and II are effects of independent causes Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

      Solution

      Statement II describes an action taken by the city administration (overhauling the sewage system and installing purification plants). Statement I describes a positive health outcome in the city (decrease in water-borne diseases), which is a direct result of improved water and sanitation infrastructure. Hence, Statement II is the cause and Statement I is its effect.

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