Question
Consider the following statements regarding confessions
under Section 22 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023: Statement 1: A confession is irrelevant in criminal proceedings if it was caused by inducement, threat, coercion, or promise proceeding from a person in authority. Statement 2: A confession induced by a threat becomes relevant once the impression of that threat has been fully removed from the accused's mind, even if some time has passed. Statement 3: A confession made under a promise of secrecy is irrelevant and cannot be proved against the accused. Statement 4: A confession obtained through deception practiced to obtain it remains admissible as evidence despite the deceptive means used. Which statements are correct?Solution
Section 22 of BSA provides that a confession is irrelevant if caused by inducement/threat proceeding from a person in authority, making Statement 1 correct. The Proviso to Section 22 states that if the confession is made after the impression has been "fully removed," it becomes relevant, making Statement 2 correct. The Further Proviso explicitly states that confession "does not become irrelevant merely because it was made...in consequence of a deception practised on the accused person," making Statement 4 correct. Statement 3 is incorrect because the Further Proviso specifically negates thisтАФconfessions made under promise of secrecy are not automatically irrelevant; the confession's admissibility depends on other factors, not the promise of secrecy alone.
рдирд┐рдореНрди рдореЗрдВ 'рдКрд╕рд░' рдХрд╛ рд╡рд┐рд▓реЛрдо рдХреНрдпрд╛ рд╣реЛрдЧрд╛?
рдирд┐рдореНрдирд▓рд┐рдЦрд┐рдд рдореЗрдВ рд╕реЗ рдХреМрди рд╕рд╛ рд╡рд░реНрдг рдЙрд╖реНрдо рд╡реНрдпрдВрдЬрди рд╣реИ ?
рдирд┐рдореНрди рдореЗрдВ тАШ рдЖрджрд┐тАЩ рд╢рдмреНрдж рдХрд╛ рд╡рд┐рд▓реЛрдо рдХреНрдпрд╛ рд╣реИ?
тАЬрдЖрдк рдбреВрдмреЗ рддреЛ рдЬрдЧ рдбреВрдмрд╛ рдХрд╛ рдЕрд░реНрде рд╣реИтАЭ рдореБрд╣рд╛рд╡рд░реЗ рдХрд╛ рдЕрд░реНрде рд╣реИ?
рдореИрдВ рдЕрдкрдиреЗ рдЖрдк рдЕрдиреБрд╡рд╛рдж рдХрд░ рд▓реЗрддрд╛ рд╣реВрдБред рдЗрд╕ рд╡рд╛рдХреНрдп рдореЗрдВ рдХреМрди рд╕рд╛ рд╕рд░реНрд╡рдирд╛я┐╜...
рдкрд░реНрдпрд╛рдпрд╡рд╛рдЪреА рд╢рдмреНрджреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рд╕рдВрджрд░реНрдн рдореЗрдВ рдЕрд╕рдВрдЧрдд рд╡рд┐рдХрд▓реНрдк рдЪреБрдирд┐рдП :
'рдЪреМрдерд╛' рдХрд╛ рддрддреНрд╕рдо рд╢рдмреНрдж рд╣реИ-
рдЬрдирд╕рдВрдХреБрд▓ рдХрд╛ рдХреНрдпрд╛ рдЖрд╢рдп ┬а рд╣реИ ?
рд╢реБрджреНрдз рд╡рд░реНрддрдиреА рд╡рд╛рд▓рд╛ рд╢рдмреНрдж рд╣реИ __________
рдирд┐рдореНрдирд▓рд┐рдЦрд┐рдд рдЙрджреНрдзрд░рдг рдкрд░ рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░ рдХреАрдЬрд┐рдП:
тАЬ рднрд╛рд╖рд╛ рдХреА рд╕рд░рд▓рддрд╛ , рд╕рд╣рдЬрдд...