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      Question

      Which of the following is NOT among the OWASP Top 10

      Web Security Risks?
      A Injection attacks Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      B Insecure direct object references (IDOR) Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      C Broken access control Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      D Hardware-based attacks Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      E Security misconfigurations Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

      Solution

      The OWASP Top 10 is a list of the most critical security risks for web applications, published by the Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP). It focuses exclusively on software vulnerabilities, such as:

      • Injection attacks: Exploits flaws in input handling to execute unintended commands (e.g., SQL injection).
      • Broken access control: Occurs when applications fail to enforce proper restrictions on user actions.
      • IDOR: A type of access control issue where attackers manipulate references to objects (e.g., file paths) to access unauthorized data.
      • Security misconfigurations: Includes improper settings in databases, servers, or frameworks that expose systems to attacks.
      Hardware-based attacks are not part of the OWASP Top 10 because they are typically outside the scope of application-level vulnerabilities. OWASP primarily addresses risks that developers can mitigate through secure coding practices and application design. Why Other Options Are Incorrect:
      • Option A, B, C, and E: These are well-documented OWASP Top 10 vulnerabilities and remain significant threats in web application security.

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