Which of the following processes occurs during decomposition in soil?

Humification is the process of formation of humus, a dark organic material in soil, during the decomposition of plant and animal matter. Key Points: 1. Humus improves soil fertility and water retention. 2. Decomposition is carried out by microbes like bacteria and fungi. 3. Humification occurs in the final stages of decomposition. 4. The process helps in carbon and nitrogen recycling. 5. It is essential for maintaining soil structure. Bee Facts: • Defragmentation (a): Not related to soil, used in computing. • Humification (b): Process forming humus during decomposition. • Oxidation (c): Involves electron loss; occurs in soil but not specific to decomposition. • Crystallisation (d): Formation of crystals; unrelated to decomposition.