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    Question

    Examine the following statements carefully:

    Assertion (A): The Khilafat Movement brought urban Muslims into the fold of the National Movement. Reason (R): Both the National and Khilafat movements had opposition to colonialism as a major common factor. Choose the correct answer from the codes given below:
    A Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    B Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    C (A) is true, but (R) is false. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    D (A) is false, but (R) is true. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

    Solution

    тАв During the First World War, Indian Muslims supported the British under the expectation that the Ottoman Caliphate would be protected after the war. тАв However, post-war treaties (especially the Treaty of S├иvres) dismantled the Ottoman Empire, angering Muslims globally, including in India. тАв In reaction, Muslim leaders like the Ali brothers (Shaukat Ali and Mohammad Ali) initiated the Khilafat Movement to protest British actions. тАв The Khilafat Movement merged with the Indian National Movement under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, forming a united front against British rule. тАв Thus, urban Muslims actively joined the National Movement for the first time in large numbers, validating Assertion (A). тАв At the same time, opposition to colonialism was a common ideological strand linking the Khilafat and National movements, validating Reason (R). тАв Moreover, Reason (R) correctly explains Assertion (A). Thus, the correct answer is (a).

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