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      Question

      Examine the following statements carefully:

      Assertion (A): The Khilafat Movement brought urban Muslims into the fold of the National Movement. Reason (R): Both the National and Khilafat movements had opposition to colonialism as a major common factor. Choose the correct answer from the codes given below:
      A Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A). Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      B Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      C (A) is true, but (R) is false. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      D (A) is false, but (R) is true. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

      Solution

      • During the First World War, Indian Muslims supported the British under the expectation that the Ottoman Caliphate would be protected after the war. • However, post-war treaties (especially the Treaty of Sèvres) dismantled the Ottoman Empire, angering Muslims globally, including in India. • In reaction, Muslim leaders like the Ali brothers (Shaukat Ali and Mohammad Ali) initiated the Khilafat Movement to protest British actions. • The Khilafat Movement merged with the Indian National Movement under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, forming a united front against British rule. • Thus, urban Muslims actively joined the National Movement for the first time in large numbers, validating Assertion (A). • At the same time, opposition to colonialism was a common ideological strand linking the Khilafat and National movements, validating Reason (R). • Moreover, Reason (R) correctly explains Assertion (A). Thus, the correct answer is (a).

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