Read the following statements carefully and choose the

Solution

• In 1907, the annual session of the Indian National Congress was held at Surat, presided over by Ras Bihari Ghosh. Hence, Statement I is correct. • In this Surat Session, the Congress indeed split into two factions: the Moderates and the Extremists. Therefore, Statement II is also correct. • However, the 1916 Lucknow Session saw the reunion of the two groups, and the session was presided over by Ambika Charan Majumdar, not A.C. Sinha. Hence, Statement III is incorrect. Thus, the correct answer is (c).  The Surat Split of 1907 was a major turning point, weakening the nationalist movement temporarily.  Moderates were led by Gopal Krishna Gokhale and aimed for constitutional reforms.  Extremists were led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, and Lala Lajpat Rai, who advocated more direct action.  The Lucknow Pact of 1916 between Congress and the Muslim League was also significant for Hindu-Muslim unity.  Ambika Charan Majumdar presided over the Lucknow Session where Congress reunified.  The split and later reunion reflected ideological differences and efforts towards broader national unity.  Ras Bihari Ghosh’s leadership at Surat was crucial in trying to maintain order during the fractious session.