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    Question

    Read the following statements carefully and choose the

    correct option: Statement-I: In 1907, Ras Bihari Ghosh presided over the annual session of the Indian National Congress. Statement-II: In this session, the Congress split into two groups — Moderates and Extremists. Statement-III: In the 1916 annual session, the split between Moderates and Extremists was resolved under the leadership of A.C. Majumdar.
    A Statements I, II, and III are all correct Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    B Statements I and III are correct but Statement II is incorrect Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    C Statements I and II are correct but Statement III is incorrect Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    D Statements I and II are incorrect but Statement III is correct Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

    Solution

    • In 1907, the annual session of the Indian National Congress was held at Surat, presided over by Ras Bihari Ghosh. Hence, Statement I is correct. • In this Surat Session, the Congress indeed split into two factions: the Moderates and the Extremists. Therefore, Statement II is also correct. • However, the 1916 Lucknow Session saw the reunion of the two groups, and the session was presided over by Ambika Charan Majumdar, not A.C. Sinha. Hence, Statement III is incorrect. Thus, the correct answer is (c).  The Surat Split of 1907 was a major turning point, weakening the nationalist movement temporarily.  Moderates were led by Gopal Krishna Gokhale and aimed for constitutional reforms.  Extremists were led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, and Lala Lajpat Rai, who advocated more direct action.  The Lucknow Pact of 1916 between Congress and the Muslim League was also significant for Hindu-Muslim unity.  Ambika Charan Majumdar presided over the Lucknow Session where Congress reunified.  The split and later reunion reflected ideological differences and efforts towards broader national unity.  Ras Bihari Ghosh’s leadership at Surat was crucial in trying to maintain order during the fractious session.

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