With reference to the Population Census–2027 in India, consider the following statements: 1. The 2027 Census will be conducted in two phases and, for the first time, will include caste enumeration. 2. For snow-bound areas like Ladakh, J&K, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand, the reference date is set as October 1, 2026. 3. The last census in India was held in 2021 but its results were delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• Statement 1 is correct: The Population Census–2027 will be held in two phases and, for the first time, will include caste enumeration, making it a landmark exercise in India’s demographic history. • Statement 2 is correct: For snow-bound areas (Ladakh, J&K, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand), the reference date is October 1, 2026, while for the rest of India it is 00:00 hours, March 1, 2027. • Statement 3 is incorrect: The last Census was held in 2011. The 2021 Census was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, despite preparatory work being complete. Hence, no Census was conducted in 2021. Additional Insights: • Legal Framework: Census 2027 will be conducted under the Census Act, 1948 and the Census Rules, 1990. • Notification: The official gazette notification is scheduled for June 16, 2025 under Section 3 of the Census Act. • Importance of Caste Data: Inclusion of caste enumeration is expected to improve social demographic understanding, aiding policy planning and welfare schemes. • Phased Approach: Ensures better coverage in difficult terrains and non-synchronous areas.