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      Question

      In the questions below, two statements (I) and (II) are

      given. These statements may be either independent causes or may be effects of independent causes or a common cause. One of these statements may be the effect of the other statement. Read both the statements and decide which answer choice correctly depicts the relationship between them. I. The city administration has decided to shut down all industrial units located near the river. II. Several environmental reports have revealed that untreated industrial waste has severely contaminated the river water.
      A Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      B Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      C Both the statements I and II are independent causes Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      D Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      E Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

      Solution

      Statement II reveals that industrial waste has severely contaminated the river, which is a reason for taking corrective action. Statement I shows that the city administration has decided to shut down the industrial units, which is clearly a response to the environmental reports. Thus: Statement II (cause): Reports of severe contamination Statement I (effect): Decision to shut down industries Therefore, Statement II is the cause and Statement I is its effect. Hence, the correct answer is (B).

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