When public bodies or executive authorities exceed their powers, judicial intervention works as a sanction. This is a presumption of which of the following theories of Administrative Law?

A major assumption of the red-light theory is that when public bodies or executive authorities exceed their powers, judicial intervention works as a sanction. This is because bureaucratic and executive power of the state and its institutions, if unchecked, will threaten the liberty of all individuals. Thus, judicial control is required in the political framework of a state. The red light theorists also believe that the judiciary possesses its own standards of independence and fairness and can be relied upon, in examining the legality of executive action. Hence, it can be used as an effective mechanism for check and balance in a state system.