Under Section 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, an award may be set aside inter alia where:

Explanation: Section 34(2) permits setting aside an arbitral award on specified grounds, including incapacity of a party, an invalid arbitration agreement, want of proper notice or inability to present the case, an award beyond the scope of the reference, and an irregular composition or procedure not in accordance with the parties' agreement. The 2015 amendment additionally confines the 'patently illegal' and 'public policy of India' grounds within stricter bounds. Dissatisfaction with findings on merits is not a valid ground, because the court does not sit in appeal over the tribunal's reasoning.