Under the RTI Act, 2005, which of the following information is generally EXEMPT from disclosure?

The RTI Act, 2005, provides exemptions from disclosure for information that: (1) would harm national security, sovereignty, integrity, or defense, (2) relates to ongoing investigation of crimes without hampering investigation, (3) is cabinet/ministerial deliberations confidential to decision-making, (4) relates to commercial confidence/intellectual property of government, (5) is personal information affecting privacy. However, public interest in disclosure may override exemptions. Information about government spending, public officials (in official capacity), public health, safety standards, and environmental matters are generally disclosable despite exemption claims if public interest outweighs harm. RTI promotes transparency and accountability in governance; exemptions are construed narrowly to prevent misuse.