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      Question

      The doctrine of "Estoppel by Record"

      means:
      A A person cannot contradict their own judicial record Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      B A person can contradict what they said in court Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      C Records cannot be used in evidence Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      D Only government records are valid Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      E Court records are always false Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

      Solution

      Estoppel by record is an equitable doctrine that prevents a person from denying or contradicting what they have explicitly stated or admitted in a judicial proceeding. If a court has recorded a fact, a party cannot subsequently contend the opposite. This doctrine ensures consistency and prevents abuse of judicial processes. It is related to the doctrine of res judicata. [Citation: Estoppel Principles; Indian Evidence Act, 1872]

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