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      Question

      Which of the following constitutes valid consideration

      under the Indian Contract Act, 1872?
      A An act already done at the desire of the promisor Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      B Both A and C Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      C A future act promised in return Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      D Natural love and affection Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      E Performance of an existing legal duty Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

      Solution

      Section 2(d) of the Indian Contract Act expressly recognizes both past and future acts as valid consideration. Unlike English law, the phrase "has done or abstained from doing" in the Indian definition validates Past Consideration (Option A). Furthermore, the phrase "promises to do or to abstain from doing" confirms that a promise for a future act, known as Executory Consideration (Option B), is also legally sufficient to form a binding contract.

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