Question

Which of the following best describes the constitutional status of municipal institutions created under Part IXA of the Constitution?

Q: Answer-Which of the following best describes the constitutional status of municipal institutions created un...

After the 74th Constitutional Amendment, Municipalities became constitutional institutions under Part IXA. Articles 243Q243ZG guarantee their existence, tenure, reservation, and elections. Unlike statutory bodies, they cannot be abolished at the whim of State legislatures. However, their functional and financial powers depend on State laws. This reflects the constitutional vision of decentralization without fragmentation, ensuring urban local governance within the State framework. Courts have recognized municipalities as essential democratic units, but not as sovereign entities.

A They are purely statutory bodies and the Constitution does not require their existence.

B They are constitutional institutions, their structure and functions are constitutionally mandated, and their powers are to be determined by state statutes following the Twelfth Schedule.

C Municipalities are directly controlled by the Parliament.

D Municipal institutions have the same status as High Courts under the Constitution.

E Part IXA abolished all earlier municipal laws.

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