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      Question

      Which of the following correctly characterizes the

      constitutional status of the State Election Commission?
      A State Election Commissions are created by the Constitution (Part IX/IXA riders) and are independent constitutional bodies for local elections; their independence is protected though Court supervision over fairness remains. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      B State Election Commissions are ad hoc statutory bodies created by State governments. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      C State Election Commissions are controlled by the Union Election Commission. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      D There are no State Election Commissions constitutionally. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
      E State Election Commissions can make laws. Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

      Solution

      Part V of the Constitution deals with the Union Executive, including the President, VicePresident, Council of Ministers, and Attorney General. Articles 52 to 78 define their powers, functions, and responsibilities. The President is the formal head of the executive, while real executive power is exercised by the Council of Ministers under Article 74. In Shamsher Singh v. State of Punjab (1974), the Supreme Court clarified that the President acts on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers, reinforcing parliamentary democracy and constitutional accountability.

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