Question
Under Section 34(2)(b)(ii), when is an arbitral award
deemed to be "in conflict with the public policy of India"?Solution
Explanation: Explanation 1 to Section 34(2)(b) clarifies: "an award is in conflict with the public policy of India, only if—(i) the making of the award was induced by fraud, corruption, or other coercive means; or (ii) the award is in breach of the sovereignty of India, the security of the State or morality; or (iii) the award is against the fundamental policy of Indian law." Critically, mere legal error or disagreement with the award does not constitute public policy violation. The Supreme Court has narrowly construed "public policy" to prevent awards from being easily overturned, maintaining arbitration's finality. Challenges based on public policy are rarely successful.
Statements: I = E ≥ A; L ≥ K ≥ B ≥ M ≥ E
Conclusions:
I. B ≥ I
II. I < L
III. K ≥ A
Statements : M > J = L > O > I ≤ H < Q = N
Conclusions :
I. I > M
II. N > I
III. L < Q
In the question, assuming the given statements to be true, find which of the conclusion (s) among given three conclusions is /are definitely true and t...
In the question, assuming the given statements to be true, find which of the conclusion (s) among given three conclusions is /are definitely true and ...
Statements: L > M > Z ≥ S < R = O < N
ConclusionÂ
I. N ≥ L                Â
II. L > S
...Statements: D = E ≥ G = K, O > B ≤ C = K, E ≤ I < F
Conclusions: I. K > O II. D ≥ C
...Statements: M % C & G @ T $ D; W % M # P
Conclusions :Â Â Â Â Â I. D % CÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â II. M % GÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â I...
In the question, assuming the given statements to be true, find which of the conclusion (s) among given three conclusions is /are definitely true and t...
I n the question, assuming the given statements to be true, find which of the conclusion (s) among given three conclusions is /are definitely true and ...
Which of the following symbols should be placed in the blank spaces (_) respectively (in the same order from left to right) to complete the given expres...
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