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    Question

    A plans a robbery with B but decides not to participate.

    However, A arrives at the scene and watches B commit the robbery. Under Section 54, what is A's legal status? 
    A A remains only an abettor since he did not physically participate Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    B A shall be deemed to have committed the robbery itself Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    C A's punishment is reduced since he was merely present Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    D A cannot be prosecuted as he changed his mind about participation Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    E A is liable only if he provided assistance during the robbery Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

    Solution

    Section 54 clearly states: "Whenever any person, who is absent would be liable to be punished as an abettor, is present when the act or offence for which he would be punishable in consequence of the abetment is committed, he shall be deemed to have committed such act or offence." A's presence converts his status from abettor to principal offender.

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