Question

Which of the following is NOT an essential condition for the application of the doctrine of res judicata under Section 11 of CPC?

Q: Answer-Which of the following is NOT an essential condition for the application of the doctrine of res judi...

Section 11 of the CPC embodies the doctrine of res judicata, which prevents re-litigation of matters already decided. The essential conditions are 1 the matter directly and substantially in issue must be the same, 2 the parties or those under whom they claim must be the same, 3 parties must litigate under the same title, and 4 the matter must have been heard and finally decided by a competent court.