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    Question

    Which of the following is considered the primary and

    most authoritative source of Muslim law?
    A Ijma (Consensus of Scholars) Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    B Quran Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    C Qiyas (Analogical Reasoning) Correct Answer Incorrect Answer
    D Customs and Usages Correct Answer Incorrect Answer

    Solution

    1. Primary Sources of Muslim Law These are considered the fundamental and divine sources of Islamic law. a. The Quran • Definition: The Quran is the holy book of Islam, believed to be the word of Allah as revealed to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). • Importance: • It is the most authoritative source of Muslim law. • Contains principles for personal conduct, family matters, inheritance, marriage, and criminal justice. • Examples: • Inheritance law is detailed in Surah An-Nisa. • Marriage rules, including Mehr (dower) and Talaq (divorce), are mentioned in various verses. • Limitations: The Quran primarily lays down broad principles rather than detailed laws, requiring supplementary sources for interpretation. b. The Sunnah (Traditions of the Prophet) • Definition: Sunnah refers to the sayings, actions, and approvals of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). • Components: • Hadiths: Recorded sayings and practices of the Prophet. • Importance: • Explains and supplements the Quran. • Provides examples of how Quranic principles are to be implemented. • Example: The practice of Nikah (marriage) and rules of prayer (Salah) are elaborated in the Sunnah. c. Ijma (Consensus) • Definition: Ijma is the consensus of learned Islamic scholars (Ulema) on a legal issue that is not explicitly addressed in the Quran or Sunnah. • Importance: • It serves as a tool for the collective interpretation of Islamic law. • Helps adapt Islamic law to changing circumstances. • Example: Rules related to modern banking and insurance practices are often based on Ijma. d. Qiyas (Analogical Reasoning) • Definition: Qiyas is the process of applying principles established in the Quran and Sunnah to new situations through analogy. • Importance: • Addresses contemporary issues not explicitly covered in the Quran or Sunnah. • Ensures the relevance of Islamic law in modern contexts. • Example: The prohibition of alcohol is extended to drugs through Qiyas, as both intoxicate and harm the individual.

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