Under the Industrial Relations Code, 2020, every Industrial Tribunal constituted by the appropriate Government shall consist of:

Under the Industrial Relations Code, 2020, every Industrial Tribunal constituted by the appropriate Government shall consist of two members, one of whom shall be a Judicial Member and the other an Administrative Member, a departure from the single-member Tribunal structure under the erstwhile Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. A Bench of the Tribunal may, however, consist of a Judicial Member and an Administrative Member sitting together, or a single Judicial Member, or a single Administrative Member, depending on the nature of the dispute and administrative allocation. This two-member composition was designed to bring specialised administrative expertise (from persons with experience in labour administration) alongside judicial expertise (from persons qualified to be, or having served as, a District Judge) to the adjudication of industrial disputes, thereby improving the quality and efficiency of dispute resolution.