Question
Article 20(1) states: “No person shall be convicted of any offence except for violation of a law in force at the time of the commission of the act.” Consider: (1) This provision prohibits ex post facto criminal laws. (2) It applies to both conviction and sentence. (3) It applies even to civil penalties. (4) It applies to citizens only.Â
Solution
Ex post facto criminal laws are prohibited (1). Protection applies to conviction and punishment (2). It does not apply to civil liabilities (3 incorrect) and applies to “persons,” not only citizens (4 incorrect).
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