Under Section 33 of the Bharatiya Vayuyan Adhiniyam, 2024, a person aggrieved by an order of the Adjudicating Officer may appeal to the First Appellate Officer, and a further appeal against the First Appellate Officer's decision lies before the Second Appellate Officer - both appellate officers being required to be:

Section 33 of the Bharatiya Vayuyan Adhiniyam, 2024 establishes a two-tier appellate mechanism for adjudication of penalties: an appeal against the Adjudicating Officer's order lies before a First Appellate Officer, who must be of a rank higher than the Adjudicating Officer, and a further appeal against the First Appellate Officer's decision lies before a Second Appellate Officer, who must similarly be of a rank higher than the First Appellate Officer. This introduces an additional layer of appeal compared to the single-tier appellate structure that existed under the corresponding 2020 amendment to the Aircraft Act, 1934, enhancing procedural fairness and judicial-style review within the administrative hierarchy. Separately, appeals against orders of the DGCA or BCAS (as opposed to penalty-adjudication orders) lie directly before the Central Government, with no further appeal permitted beyond that stage.