Under Section 32 of the Bharatiya Vayuyan Adhiniyam, 2024, penalties for contravention of rules made under the Act are adjudicated by an Adjudicating Officer, who must be an officer of a rank not below:

Section 32 of the Bharatiya Vayuyan Adhiniyam, 2024 empowers the Central Government to appoint an officer, not below the rank of Deputy Secretary to the Government of India, as the Adjudicating Officer for determining and imposing civil penalties (which may extend up to one crore rupees under the rules) for contravention of specified rules made under the Act - such as those relating to regulation, certification, and implementation of international conventions - as an alternative or supplement to the criminal prosecution route under Chapter VII. Before imposing any penalty, the Adjudicating Officer must give the person concerned a reasonable opportunity of being heard, and the order must be in writing, stating the nature of the contravention, the provision breached, and the reasons for the penalty, along with a demand notice. This adjudicatory mechanism introduces a civil-penalty enforcement track distinct from, and operating alongside, the Act's criminal offences and penalties regime.