In Heydon's Case (1584), which laid the foundation of the Mischief Rule, which of the following is NOT among the four matters the court directed to be considered?

Heydon's Case established the Mischief Rule and directed courts to consider four things: the common law before the Act; the mischief or defect the common law did not provide for; the remedy Parliament appointed to cure that mischief; and the true reason of the remedy. The judge must then suppress the mischief and advance the remedy. Adhering to the "plain literal grammatical meaning" is the hallmark of the Literal Rule, not the Mischief Rule, so option (e) falls outside Heydon's four resolutions and is the correct answer.