Which of the following correctly states the position of the doctrine of proportionality in Indian administrative law, as laid down in Om Kumar
v. Union of India (2001)?

The doctrine of proportionality requires that the means adopted by the administration must be proportionate to the end sought, and involves a balancing of the right infringed against the purpose of the action. In Om Kumar v. Union of India (2001), the Supreme Court held that where administrative action infringes the fundamental freedoms under Part III of the Constitution, Indian courts apply the test of proportionality, while for other administrative action the Wednesbury reasonableness test continues to apply. The review was further refined with the emergence of the doctrine of manifest arbitrariness in cases such as Shayara Bano (2017).