Question
Which of the following protocol is a network layer
protocol and used for reporting errors?Solution
Why this is correct:
ICMP is a network-layer protocol used to send error messages and operational information (e.g., “host unreachable”, “time exceeded”) about problems in the delivery of IP packets. Routers and hosts use ICMP to report issues and diagnostics (ping, traceroute use ICMP). Why the others are wrong:
- 1 (HTTP): Application-layer protocol used for web communication (requests/responses), not network-layer error reporting.
- 2 (FTP): Application-layer protocol for file transfers, not for reporting network errors.
- 3 (ARP): Link-layer / protocol for mapping IP addresses to MAC addresses (not used for reporting network-layer errors).
Which of the following statements is true about deadlocks in an operating system?
Which traversal of binary tree gives nodes in sorted order?
Which I/O scheduling algorithm is most suitable for minimizing seek time in hard drives?
Which of the following allows dynamic memory allocation?
Which attack can be mitigated using DNSSEC (Domain Name System Security Extensions)?
Which of the following collision resolution techniques involves storing all elements that hash to the same value in a linked list?
Which data structure is most suitable for implementing a priority queue with logarithmic time complexity for insertion and deletion?
KMP improves naive string matching by:
In the context of system analysis, which of the following best defines the "use case" diagram?
Which design pattern is best suited for managing the creation of objects without specifying their concrete classes?
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