Question
Which cryptographic concept ensures that data integrity
is preserved and cannot be altered during transmission?Solution
Hash Functions are a fundamental cryptographic tool for ensuring data integrity. They generate a fixed-length hash value (digest) from input data. Any change in the input, even by a single bit, results in a completely different hash value, making tampering evident. For instance, if a file's hash is computed before transmission and verified upon receipt, any alteration to the file will produce a mismatched hash. Algorithms like SHA-256 are commonly used. Hash functions are widely applied in digital signatures and certificates to validate integrity and detect unauthorized changes. Why Other Options Are Incorrect :
- Symmetric Key Encryption : Ensures confidentiality but does not directly verify integrity.
- Asymmetric Key Encryption : Protects data through key pairs but does not ensure integrity by itself.
- Digital Signatures : While they ensure integrity, they use hash functions internally and offer additional authentication.
- Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) : Manages keys and certificates but doesn’t directly compute integrity checks.
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