Consider the following statements with reference to the steps taken by Britishers post revolt of 1857: 1. The number of Indian soldiers increased in the army to curb such revolts in future. 2. Cooperation among sepoys will be increased to ensure unity. 3. All higher posts in the army and artillery departments were reserved for the Europeans. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

● Statement 1 is incorrect: After the 1857 mutiny there was a lot of rethinking about the constitution and recruitment strategies for the Indian army. The British could no longer depend on Indian loyalty, so the number of Indian soldiers was drastically reduced even though the number of European soldiers was increased. ● Statement 2 is incorrect: The concept of divide and rule was adopted with separate units being created on the basis of caste/community/region. After the 1857 mutiny, the Army’s recruitment remained focused on Punjab, which remained loyal during the mutiny. Recruits were drawn mainly from martial races of Punjab and northwestern frontier. ● Statement 3 is correct: All higher posts in the army and artillery departments were reserved for the Europeans. Till the first decade of the twentieth century, no Indians were thought fit to deserve the King's commission and a new English recruit was considered superior to an Indian officer holding the viceroy's commission. Efforts were made to keep the army away from the civilian population.