Who introduced the Ryotwari System in British India, and what was its primary characteristic?

The Ryotwari System was introduced by Thomas Munro in the early 19th century, specifically in the Madras Presidency under British rule. This system was characterized by direct collection of land taxes from the farmers or 'ryots' rather than through intermediaries. Each ryot was recognized as the land's proprietor, responsible for paying taxes directly to the state based on land productivity assessments. This system marked a significant shift in revenue collection methods in colonial India, aiming to simplify and increase efficiency.