Consider the subsequent statements regarding the ‘Azamgarh Proclamation’ of 25 August 1857: 1. This declaration was issued by Firoz Shah. 2. It was secular and democratic in tone, appealing to both Hindu’s and Muslim’s. 3. The proclamation that was issued under the name of Bahadur Shah appealed to the people to join the fight under the standards of both Muhammad and Mahavir. Which of the statements given above are correct?

● Statement 1 is correct: Azamgarh Proclamation was a remarkable document which was published in the town of Azamgarh in Eastern Uttar Pradesh during the Revolt of 1857. This declaration was issued by Firoz Shah, a grandson of the Mughal Emperor who fought in Awadh and aimed to set out a manifesto for what the rebels were fighting for. It was to ensure unity among the rebels. ● Statement 2 is correct: This Proclamation, also called ishtihar, was secular and largely democratic in tone, appealing to both Hindus and Muslims who were being ruined under the tyranny and oppression of the infidel and treacherous English. ● Statement 3 is correct: The proclamation that was issued under the name of Bahadur Shah, appealed to the people to join the fight under the standards of both Muhammad and Mahavir. The British made attempts to create divisions between Hindus and Muslims. The Ishtahars harked back to the pre-British HinduMuslim past and glorified coexistence of both communities. Also, warnings were made that anyone who accepts colonial rule even after circulation of ishtihar will have his property confiscated and imprisoned with his family, and sentenced to death.