In intelligent food packaging which of the following is

Solution

TTI  placed  outside of the package.  Time Temperature Indicators (TTIs) Temperature is an important factor in determining the shelf life of a food product. Deviations in the temperature profile can result in growth or survival of microorganisms, which ultimately causes in spoilage of the product. Furthermore, incorrect freezing can denature the proteins of meat or other products. Whether the cold chain or a required temperature is properly maintained during the food supply chain, time temperature indicators can be used . In general, time temperature indicators or integrators are simple, inexpensive gadgets attached to the package. Three types can be distinguished: critical temperature indicators, which show if products have been heated above or cooled below a permitted temperature. Secondly, partial history indicators, which indicate if a product has been subjected to temperature, that cause a change in product quality. Thirdly, a full history indicator which records the complete temperature profile along the food supply chain . The functional principle of TTIs is based on the detection of time and temperature dependent mechanical, chemical, electrochemical, enzymatic, or microbiological changes of a food product. For example, chemical or physical responses are based on acid–base reactions or polymerization towards time and temperature. In contrast, biological responses are based on biological changes such as microorganisms, spores or enzymes in relation to time and temperature . The measured values are usually expressed as a visible response, like color changes or mechanical deformations . Because of this simple functionality TTIs are recognized as user-friendly and readily usable devices . An example of a TTI indicator is the Fresh-Check from Lifeline technologies. Its function is based on a polymerization reaction resulting in a color change in the indication range. A clear center indicates a fresh TTI. If the color of the active center matches the outer ring, the product should be consumed soon. TTIs of not fresh products have a dark center